Consensus among multiple trophic levels during high- and low-water stands over the last two millennia in a northwest Ontario lake     

Moumita Karmakar  Joshua Kurek  Heather Haig  Brian F. Cumming 《Quaternary Research》2014

We investigated the modern distribution of fossil midges within a dimictic lake and explored downcore patterns of inferred lake depths over the last 2000 years from previously published proxies. Modern midge distribution within Gall Lake showed a consistent and predictable pattern related to the lake-depth gradient with recognizable assemblages characteristic of shallow-water, mid-depth and profundal environments. Interpretations of downcore changes in midge assemblages, in conjunction with quantitative lake-depth inferences across a priori defined (based on diatom data) ~ 500-yr wet and dry periods, demonstrated that both invertebrate and algal assemblages exhibited similar timing and nature of ecological responses. Midges were quantified by their relative abundance, concentrations and an index of Chaoborus to chironomids, and all showed the greatest differences between the wet and dry periods. During the low lake-level period of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA: AD 900 to 1400), profundal chironomids declined, shallow-water and mid-depth chironomids increased, chironomid-inferred lake level declined and the Chaoborus-to-chironomid index decreased. The coherence between multiple trophic levels provides strong evidence of lower lake levels in Gall Lake during the MCA.  相似文献   

Report on the 5th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group,the Kilian Group (Ankara,Turkey, 31st August 2013)     

《Cretaceous Research》2014

The 5th meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group (the Kilian Group) held in Ankara, Turkey, 31st August 2013, discussed the Mediterranean ammonite zonation, and its calibration with different ammonite zonal schemes of the Boreal, Austral and Central Atlantic realms. Concerning the standard zonation, that corresponds to the zonal scheme of the West Mediterranean province, some changes have been made on two stages. For the Valanginian, the Busnardoites campylotoxus Zone was abandoned; the upper part of the lower Valanginian is now characterised by the Neocomites neocomiensiformis and Karakaschiceras inostranzewi zones. For the upper Barremian, the former Imerites giraudi Zone is here subdivided into two zones, a lower I. giraudi Zone and an upper Martellites sarasini Zone. The I. giraudi Zone is now subdivided into the I. giraudi and Heteroceras emerici subzones, previously considered as horizons. The current M. sarasini and Pseudocrioceras waagenoides subzones correspond to the lower and upper parts of the M. sarasini Zone, respectively. The Anglesites puzosianum Horizon is kept. The Berriasian, Hauterivian, Aptian and Albian zonal schemes have been discussed but no change was made. The upper Hauterivian zonal scheme of the Georgian (Caucasus) region (East Mediterranean province) has been compared with the standard zonation. Discussions and some attempts at correlations are presented here between the standard zonation and the zonal schemes of different palaeobiogeographical provinces: the North-West European area for the Valanginian and Hauterivian, the Argentinean region for the Berriasian, Valanginian and Hauterivian, and the Mexican area for the Valanginian–Hauterivian and Aptian–lower Albian. The report concludes with some proposals for future work.  相似文献   

Archaeal diversity and abundance within different layers of summer sea-ice and seawater from Prydz Bay,Antarctica     

MA Jifei  DU Zongjun  LUO Wei  YU Yong  ZENG Yixin  CHEN Bo  LI Huirong 《极地研究(英文版)》2014,(1):54-60

Fluorescence in-situ hybridization （FISH） and 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses were used to determine the abundance and diversity of archaea in Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Correlation analysis was also performed to assess links between physicochemical parameters and archaeal abundance and diversity within the sea-ice. Samples of sea-ice and seawater were collected during the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The results of FISH showed that archaea were relatively abundant within the top layer of the sea-ice, and correlation analysis suggested that the concentration of 4NH＋ might be one of the main factors underlying this distribution pattern. However, using 16S rRNA gene libraries, archaea were not detected in the top and middle layers of the sea-ice. All archaeal clones obtained from the bottom layer of the sea-ice were grouped into the Marine Group I Crenarchaeota while the archaeal clones from seawater were assigned to Marine Group I Crenarchaeota, Marine Group II Euryarchaeota, and Marine Group III Euryarchaeota. Overall, the ifndings of this study showed that the diversity of archaea in the sea-ice in Prydz Bay was low.  相似文献   

西太平洋副热带高压季节内异常活动与亚洲夏季风系统的时延相关特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

洪梅  张韧  张海洋  马晨晨  葛晶晶  赵靓  余丹丹 《大气科学学报》2014,37(6):705-714

基于西太平洋副热带高压的异常活动与亚洲夏季风系统其他成员之间存在着密切联系的天气事实,运用交叉小波的非线性时滞相关分析方法,对东亚夏季风系统成员与西太平洋副热带高压形态和变异的相互影响的基本事实和物理特征进行研究,得到了西太平洋副热带高压与主要的亚洲夏季风系统成员之间基本的关联结构和演变示意图。研究结果揭示了不同的季风子系统对西太平洋副热带高压的影响不同:影响西太平洋副热带高压强度和脊线位置异常变化的是亚洲夏季风系统中的印度夏季风子系统的5个主要成员;而影响西太平洋副热带高压西脊点异常变化的则是亚洲夏季风系统中的另一个子系统——东亚夏季风子系统的5个主要成员。研究揭示了副热带高压与亚洲夏季风系统主要成员之间的时延特征与统计关联特性,为相应的机理研究提供了事实依据。  相似文献   

中国东部夏季水汽输送的年代际变化特征   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

郭志荣  陈旭红  江燕如  董丽娜 《大气科学学报》2014,37(5):568-574

基于1948—2012年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析资料,采用9 a滑动平均、EOF分析及合成分析方法,研究了我国东部夏季水汽输送的年代际变化特征。结果表明:6—8月水汽输送由强转弱发生在1975年前后,水汽输送异常显著区域主要位于东部地区;6月南海到我国东部地区的水汽输送存在年代际变化,7月孟加拉湾、南海和西太平洋(8月印度洋、南海和西太平洋)到我国东部的水汽输送同样存在年代际变化;6—8月年代际变化前后水汽输送矢量分布与相应月份水汽输送通量年代际特征向量场的空间分布基本一致;显著的水汽通量散度辐合区位于华中以西经华北到东北地区,长江以北水汽辐合(辐散)异常显著区域由风场的辐合(辐散)异常和水汽平流异常共同造成,长江以南地区水汽辐合(辐散)异常显著区域主要由风场的辐合(辐散)异常造成。  相似文献   

夏季台湾海峡水及黑潮次表层涌升水向东海近陆架区营养盐输送通量的估算   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

LI Hongmei  SHI Xiaoyong  WANG Hao  HAN Xiurong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,33(11):1-10

According to historical mean ocean current data through the field observations of the Taiwan Ocean Research Institute during 1991–2005 and survey data of nutrients on the continental shelf of the East China Sea(ECS) in the summer of 2006, nutrient fluxes from the Taiwan Strait and Kuroshio subsurface waters are estimated using a grid interpolation method, which both are the sources of the Taiwan Warm Current. The nutrient fluxes of the two water masses are also compared. The results show that phosphate(PO4-P), silicate(SiO3-Si) and nitrate(NO3-N) fluxes to the ECS continental shelf from the Kuroshio upwelling water are slightly higher than those from the Taiwan Strait water in the summer of 2006. In contrast, owing to its lower velocity, the nutrient flux density(i.e., nutrient fluxes divided by the area of the specific section) of the Kuroshio subsurface water is lower than that of the Taiwan Strait water. In addition, the Taiwan Warm Current deep water, which is mainly constituted by the Kuroshio subsurface water, might directly reach the areas of high-frequency harmful alga blooms in the ECS.  相似文献   

夏季九龙江口红树林土壤-大气界面温室气体通量的研究     

余丹  ;陈光程  ;陈顺洋  ;陈雅萍  ;陈彬  ;叶勇  ;侯建平 《台湾海峡》2014,(2):175-182

红树林湿地土壤是一个潜在的温室气体排放源.调查了夏季福建九龙江口的秋茄（Kandelia candel）红树林湿地土壤-大气界面3种温室气体的通量并分析土壤环境对其的影响.研究结果显示,九龙江口红树林夏季3种温室气体N2O、CH4和CO2的通量分别是0.27～2.45、-0.28～341.43μmol/（m2·h）和-0.49～17.00 mmol/（m2·h）,表明九龙江口夏季红树林土壤总体上是温室气体的排放源.根据3种温室气体的平均通量及其增温潜力计算它们的CO2当量通量以反映3种温室气体产生的增温效应,计算结果显示九龙江口红树林夏季土壤排放温室气体的CO2当量通量为82.33～674.92 mg/（m2·h）,而CO2是最大的贡献因素.双因素方差分析结果表明,CO2通量和土壤理化性质因林地和滩面而异,CH4通量受林地的影响,但N2O通量则不受林地和滩面的影响.相关性分析结果显示,土壤环境因子是影响红树林温室气体通量空间差异的重要原因,其中土壤有机质、氨态氮和总氮含量是影响N2O和CO2通量的主要因子,而CH4则只与土壤氧化还原电位显著相关.  相似文献   

北太平洋850和500hPa夏季副热带高压的年际和年代变化     

王启  赵娅琴  宫晓庆 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2014,44(1)

利用NCEP\NCAR再分析位势高度场资料和Hadley中心SST资料,将北太平洋500和850hPa夏季副热带高压异常变化结合在一起进行了分析,发现夏季500和850hPa副高的位置和强度的年际和年代变化都有明显差异,并且850hPa副高远比500hPa副高稳定。上下两层除了同时增强和同时减弱外,还存在着500hPa增强850hPa减弱,以及500减弱850hPa增强等不同类型。相关分析表明,夏季500和850hPa副热带高压年际和年代异常变化与同期不同海区海表温度(SST)异常之间存在明显的关系。  相似文献   

Interference of the East Asian Winter Monsoon in the Impact of ENSO on the East Asian Summer Monsoon in Decaying Phases简   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

FENG Juan  CHEN Wen 《大气科学进展》2014,31(2):344-354

The variability of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） can be divided into an ENSO-related part （EAWMEN） and an ENSO-unrelated part （EAWMres）.The influence of EAWMres on the ENSO-East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） relationship in the decaying stages of ENSO is investigated in the present study.To achieve this,ENSO is divided into four groups based on the EAWMres：（1） weak EAWMres-E1Ni（n）o （WEAWMres-EN）; （2） strong EAWMres-E1Ni（n）o （SEAWMresEN）; （3） weak EAWMres-La Ni（n）a （WEAWMres-LN）; （4） strong EAWMres-La Ni（n）a （SEAWMres-LN）.Composite results demonstrate that the EAWMres may enhance the atmospheric responses over East Asia to ENSO for WEAWMres-EN and SEAWMres-LN.The corresponding low-level anticyclonic （cyclonic） anomalies over the western North Pacific （WNP） associated with El Ni（n）o （La Ni（n）a） tend to be strong.Importantly,this feature may persist into the following summer,causing abundant rainfall in northern China for WEAWMres-EN cases and in southwestern China for SEAWMres-LN cases.In contrast,for the SEAWMres-EN and WEAWMres-LN groups,the EAWMres tends to weaken the atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with E1 Ni（n）o or La Ni（n）a.In these cases,the anomalous WNP anticyclone or cyclone tend to be reduced and confined to lower latitudes,which results in deficient summer rainfall in northern China for SEAWMres-EN and in southwestern China for WEAWMres-LN.Further study suggests that anomalous EAWMres may have an effect on the extra-tropical sea surface temperature anomaly,which persists into the ensuing summer and may interfere with the influences of ENSO.  相似文献   

Intercomparison of the impacts of four summer teleconnections over Eurasia on East Asian rainfall     

LIN Zhongda 《大气科学进展》2014,31(6):1366-1376

East Asian summer climate is strongly affected by extratropical circulation disturbances.In this study,impacts of four atmospheric teleconnections over Eurasia on East Asian summer rainfall are investigated using National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP/NCAR） reanalysis data and Climatic Research Unit （CRU） land precipitation data during 1979-2009.The four teleconnections include the Scandinavian （SCA）,the Polar/Eurasian （PEU）,the East Atlantic/Western Russian （EAWR）,and the circumglobal teleconnection （CGT）.Moreover,the related changes of lower-tropospheric circulation are explored,specifically,the low pressure over northern East Asia （NEAL） and the subtropical high over the western North Pacific （WNPSH）.The results presented are in the positive phase.The PEU and SCA induce significant negative anomalies in North China rainfall （NCR）,while the CGT induces significant positive anomalies.In the past three decades,the PEU and SCA explain more than 20％ of the variance in NCR,twice that explained by the CGT,suggesting a more important role of the former two teleconnections in NCR variation than the latter one.Meanwhile,the PEU and SCA reduce rainfall in Northeast China and South Korea,respectively,and the CGT enhances rainfall in Japan.The rainfall responses are attributed to the SCA-induced northward shift of the NEAL,and PEU-induced northward shift and weakening of the NEAL,respectively.For the CGT,the dipole pattern of rainfall anomalies between North China and Japan is affected by both westward extension of the NEAL and northwestward expansion of the WNPSH.In addition,the EAWR leads to an increase of sporadic rainfall in South China as a result of the eastward retreat of the WNPSH.  相似文献